x = e ¶x = e (n) ¶x = e (m, n, …) ¶x = e ([m, n, …]) ¶x = e (…, class) ¶Return a scalar, matrix, or N-dimensional array whose elements are all equal to the base of natural logarithms.
The constant
‘e’ satisfies the equation log (e) = 1.
If called with no arguments, return the scalar value e.
If invoked with a single scalar integer argument n, return a square NxN matrix.
If invoked with two or more scalar integer arguments, or a vector of integer values, return an array with the given dimensions.
The optional argument class specifies the class of the return array.
The only valid options are "double" (default) or "single".
p = pi ¶p = pi (n) ¶p = pi (m, n, …) ¶p = pi ([m, n, …]) ¶p = pi (…, class) ¶Return a scalar, matrix, or N-dimensional array whose elements are all equal to the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.
If called with no arguments, return the scalar value pi.
If invoked with a single scalar integer argument n, return a square NxN matrix.
If invoked with two or more scalar integer arguments, or a vector of integer values, return an array with the given dimensions.
The optional argument class specifies the class of the return array.
The only valid options are "double" (default) or "single".
x = I ¶x = I (n) ¶x = I (m, n, …) ¶x = I ([m, n, …]) ¶x = I (…, class) ¶Return a scalar, matrix, or N-dimensional array whose elements are all equal
to the pure imaginary unit, defined as
sqrt (-1).
I, and its equivalents i, j, and J, are functions
so any of the names may be reused for other purposes (such as i for a
counter variable).
If called with no arguments, return the scalar value complex (0, 1).
If invoked with a single scalar integer argument n, return a square NxN matrix.
If invoked with two or more scalar integer arguments, or a vector of integer values, return an array with the given dimensions.
The optional argument class specifies the class of the return array.
The only valid options are "double" (default) or "single".
x = Inf ¶x = Inf (n) ¶x = Inf (m, n, …) ¶x = Inf ([m, n, …]) ¶x = Inf (…, class) ¶x = Inf (…, "like", var) ¶Return a scalar, matrix or N-dimensional array whose elements are all equal to the IEEE 754 representation for positive infinity.
Infinity is produced when results are too large to be represented using the IEEE 754 floating point format for numbers. Two common examples which produce infinity are division by zero and overflow.
[ 1/0 e^800 ] ⇒ Inf Inf
If called with no arguments, return the scalar value Inf.
If invoked with a single scalar integer argument n, return a square NxN matrix.
If invoked with two or more scalar integer arguments, or a vector of integer values, return an array with the given dimensions.
The optional argument class specifies the class of the return array.
The only valid options are "double" (default) or "single".
If a variable var is specified after "like", the output x
will have the same data type, complexity, and sparsity as var.
x = NaN ¶x = NaN (n) ¶x = NaN (m, n, …) ¶x = NaN ([m, n, …]) ¶x = NaN (…, class) ¶x = NaN (…, "like", var) ¶Return a scalar, matrix, or N-dimensional array whose elements are all equal to the IEEE 754 symbol NaN (Not a Number).
NaN is the result of operations which do not produce a well defined
numerical result. Common operations which produce a NaN are arithmetic
with infinity
(Inf - Inf), zero divided by zero (0/0),
and any operation involving another NaN value (5 + NaN).
Note that NaN always compares not equal to NaN
(NaN != NaN). This behavior is specified by the IEEE 754 standard
for floating point arithmetic. To find NaN values, use the isnan
function.
If called with no arguments, return the scalar value NaN.
If invoked with a single scalar integer argument n, return a square NxN matrix.
If invoked with two or more scalar integer arguments, or a vector of integer values, return an array with the given dimensions.
The optional argument class specifies the class of the return array.
The only valid options are "double" (default) or "single".
If a variable var is specified after "like", the output x
will have the same data type, complexity, and sparsity as var.
d = eps ¶d = eps (x) ¶d = eps (m, n, …) ¶d = eps ([m, n, …]) ¶d = eps (…, class) ¶Return a scalar, matrix or N-dimensional array whose elements are eps, the machine precision.
More precisely, eps is the relative spacing between any two adjacent
numbers in the machine’s floating point system. This number depends both on
the system and where the number lies in the range representable by the floating
point system. On machines that support IEEE 754 floating point
arithmetic, eps (1.0) is approximately
2.2204e-16 for double precision and 1.1921e-07
for single precision.
If called with no arguments, return the scalar value eps (1.0).
Given a floating point argument x, return an array d of the same size where each element is the distance between the element of x and the next largest value.
If invoked with two or more scalar integer arguments, or a vector of integer
values, return an array with the given dimensions whose elements are all the
scalar value eps.
The optional argument class specifies the class of the return array.
The only valid options are "double" (default) or "single".
Rmax = realmax ¶Rmax = realmax (n) ¶Rmax = realmax (m, n, …) ¶Rmax = realmax ([m, n, …]) ¶Rmax = realmax (…, class) ¶Rmax = realmax (…, "like", var) ¶Return a scalar, matrix, or N-dimensional array whose elements are all equal to the largest floating point number that is representable.
The actual value is system-dependent. On machines that support IEEE 754
floating point arithmetic, realmax is approximately
1.7977e+308 for double precision and 3.4028e+38
for single precision.
If called with no arguments, return the scalar value
realmax (.
"double")
If invoked with a single scalar integer argument n, return a square NxN matrix.
If invoked with two or more scalar integer arguments, or a vector of integer values, return an array with the given dimensions.
The optional argument class specifies the class of the return array.
The only valid options are "double" (default) or "single".
If a variable var is specified after "like", the output
Rmax will have the same data type, complexity, and sparsity as var.
Rmin = realmin ¶Rmin = realmin (n) ¶Rmin = realmin (m, n, …) ¶Rmin = realmin ([m, n, …]) ¶Rmin = realmin (…, class) ¶Rmin = realmin (…, "like", var) ¶Return a scalar, matrix, or N-dimensional array whose elements are all equal to the smallest normalized floating point number that is representable.
The actual value is system-dependent. On machines that support IEEE 754
floating point arithmetic, realmin is approximately
2.2251e-308 for double precision and 1.1755e-38
for single precision.
If called with no arguments, return the scalar value
realmin (.
"double")
If invoked with a single scalar integer argument n, return a square NxN matrix.
If invoked with two or more scalar integer arguments, or a vector of integer values, return an array with the given dimensions.
The optional argument class specifies the class of the return array.
The only valid options are "double" (default) or "single".
If a variable var is specified after "like", the output
Rmin will have the same data type, complexity, and sparsity as var.